Boosting Innate Immunity During SARS-CoV-2 Clearance

Currently, humanity is suffering from a highly contagious and infectious novel coron-avirus disease. Due to the unavailability of any specifically approved therapy to eradicate this pathogenic virus, day by day, it is claiming more and more lives of humans. Observing the current scenario, human civilization seems to be in dangerous situation, and the development of a potential vaccine against this invisible enemy may take some more time. It was observed that the individual immune system plays an important role in the fight against the novel coronavirus. Additionally, the innate immune system of the host acts as the first line of defense against invading pathogenic virus-es. The host innate immune cells can detect and detoxify the evading viruses. Thus, boosting the innate immune response via targeting activator or inhibitory immune check points pathways for en-hancing T-cell immune response may potentially help the patients to fight against this deadly virus. The aim of this editorial is to discuss in brief about the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the role of innate immunity and autophagy during viral clearance.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

RNA-Based Vaccines for Infectious Disease

Infectious disease is mainly caused by bacteria and viruses. Over time, the world has suffered from various bacterial and viral-born endemics or pandemics such as Ebola, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza. Hence, the development and advancement of a rapid, scalable, and cost-effective platform is essential for supplying on-demand vaccines for prophylactic and therapeutic use. Recently, the vaccine development platform is shifting toward self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) technology for providing a quicker response against emerging infectious outbreaks. In this chapter we have focused on a brief introduction of vaccinology history, the benefits of saRNA over mRNA, and the immune response provoked by the saRNA vaccine. Additionally, we have addressed preparation, purification, delivery, and pharmacokinetic aspects of the saRNA vaccine. We have limited our discussion to the saRNA vaccine for infectious disease, clinical translation, and future prospects. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Yashwant V. Pathak;individual chapters, the contributors.